Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction: Brokerage, Gender and Precarity in Asia's Migration Industry -- What Is the Migration Industry? -- What Is Lacking? -- This Volume -- Note on Anonymity and Consent -- References -- 2 Precarity, Migration and Brokerage in Indonesia: Insights from Ethnographic Research in Indramayu -- Opening Scene: At the Recruitment Office -- The Notion of Precarity -- This Chapter -- Conceptual and Historical Framework: Indramayu as a Site of Southern Precarity -- Green Revolution and Its Aftermath -- Brokers in Indramayu: Legal, Occupational and Economic Precarity -- Brokerage as an Accepted Livelihood -- Intimacy and the Migration Market -- Feminization of Migration Brokerage -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Brokered (Il)legality: Co-producing the Status of Migrants from Myanmar to Thailand -- Introduction -- Brokerage as Central to Migration -- 'Legal Trafficking' -- 'Coming the Thief's Way' -- 'Legalisation' and Staying 'Legal' -- The Process of Managing Legality -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Understanding the Cost of Migration: Facilitating Migration from India to Singapore and the Middle East -- Introduction -- Methodology and Data -- Migration Agents in Tamil Nadu -- Agency B (Broker) -- Agency D (Training) -- Agency K (Training) -- Opening the Black Box -- Adding up Agents -- The Problem of Overcharging -- Comparison Migration Destinations -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Unauthorized Recruitment of Migrant Domestic Workers from India to the Middle East: Interest Conflicts, Patriarchal Nationalism and State Policy -- Introduction -- Migrant Domestic Workers from India -- Overview of Recruitment -- The Early Phase -- Unauthorized Brokerage -- Transnational 'Family' Ties -- Issues of Abuse and Exploitation -- Emigration Services -- Indian State Policy -- Interest Conflict.

Table of contents: 1. Baas, Michiel: Introduction. Revisiting the Myth of Return in an Age of Transnationalism. Emotions, Rationale and In-between Spaces. [-][Please note that chapters have been put in alphabetical order, this is preliminary and can be discussed in a later stage.][-]2. LeBaron van Baeyer, Sara: Neither Necessity nor Nostalgia: Japanese-Brazilian Transmigrants and the Multi-Generational Meanings of Return.[-]3. Baas, Michiel: The Freedom to Stay & Leave: Indian Overseas Students' Paradoxical Relationship with Australian 'Permanent' Residency. [-]4. Bhatt, Amy. Reproducing Intimacies and Transnational Family Formations among highly skilled migrants from India. [-]5. Nititham, Diane: 'It's Still Home Home': Notions of the Homeland for Filipina Dependent Students in Ireland.[-]6. Nguyen, Cindy: Finding and Defining Social Purpose: Representations of Vietnamese Student Migration to the Colonial Metrople, 1910-1933[-]

Review of: Immigrant Japan: Mobility and Belonging in an Ethno-Nationalist Society, Gracia Liu-Farrer (2020)
New York: Cornell University Press, pp. i–xii and 1–259,
ISBN 978-1-50174-862-2, h/bk, €35.17

Global city ambitions and associated cosmopolitan aspirations are principally oriented towards attracting highly skilled migrants who are offered the opportunity of permanent residency. In contrast, low-skilled migrants increasingly face issues of segregation and sanitation, being housed in dormitories far from the city centre, often explained as an attempt to 'decongest' the city. That these migrants are not considered part of the aspired cosmopolitan gloss that global cities like to associate themselves with is furthermore underscored by their status as permanently temporary with no option to stay-on beyond a maximum number of years. This article challenges the inherent assumption that low-skilled migrants' choice for a particularly migration destination is only motivated by monetary reasons. It does so by drawing on two distinct research projects: the first among migration agents in Chennai (Tamil Nadu, India), the second among variously skilled migrants from India in Singapore. By doing so, the article explicates that not only the cost of formalities, agency fees and travel contribute to how expensive it is to migrate to a particular destination (e.g. the Gulf, Malaysia or Singapore) but also its brand value, mainly determined by its assumed quality of life outside work. This brand value speaks to both low- and highly skilled workers, although in different ways.

PurposeTaking as a point of departure the edited collection Yaraana (1999), ostensibly the first mainstream publication on gay writing from India, the purpose of this article is to trace the way Indian authors have dealt with the growing visibility of nonnormative sexualities. It suggests that from the start this debate has centered on a dyad between local and culturally specific sexual identities vs its globalized opposite, which is held to threaten regionally specific expressions. The continuing struggle for recognition and equality is revealing for a growing divide between those whose sexuality can rely on growing representation in Indian popular media, and those who feel increasingly marginalized.Design/methodology/approachThis article revisits important texts that were published and publicly accessible in India from 1999 onwards. All the text considered and discussed were accessible outside academic networks and thus, available in mainstream bookstores, produced by Indian authors or long-term residents and available in English. Considering the vast language diversity of India as well as the complexity of gaining access to locally published materials, the analysis does not include texts that are only available in a vernacular language. Besides this, the article benefits from the direct input of key activists and scholars from India working on this topic.FindingsEven if homosexuality has now been decriminalized in India, what emerges from the writing is a concern that globally hegemonic expressions of alternate sexualities might impact, homogenize and eventually eradicate locally specific expressions. Considering socioeconomic equality in India, this raises serious questions about those whose precarious positions may see them further marginalized because of this.Originality/valueWhile there have been various overviews and analyses of the fight for decriminalization of homosexuality in India, so far there has not been an analysis how this benefited from a growing awareness and discussion in popularly accessible texts. This analysis also raises concerns that the fight for decriminalization might have negative consequences for those in marginalized positions.

AbstractThis special section specifically focuses on student‐migrants and the way they are being catered to by an emerging education‐migration industry. The articles included build upon the observation that especially within the Asia‐Pacific region there is an increasing conflation and entanglement between categories of international students and skilled migrants. This has led to an emerging "industry" that facilitates study‐abroad trajectories and acts as broker for two‐step migration pathways. This Introduction aims to situate the research presented here within the broader context of a burgeoning field of research which examines the growing popularity of international education across the Asia‐Pacific region; the way its emergence is increasingly entangled with specific ambitions that skilled migration programmes cater to; and the way highly regulated skilled migration programmes have given rise to a migration industry in general.

AbstractThis article focuses on the way Indian bodybuilders negotiate spatial and temporal constraints offline (in "real" life) as well as online. These bodybuilders, who often make a living as personal trainers, display and advertise their bodies online in various stages of being and becoming, ranging from off-season/bulking stage to on-season/cutting stage when they start making the body ready for competition. This article discusses what it means to have an offline body that represents one temporal stage while at the same time maintaining a plethora of such (previous) stages online, to be consulted by others (e.g., aspiring bodybuilders, clients, and admirers). This article shows how these bodily representations and realities interact with various expectations and idealizations of the male body. The article proposes to think through the (re)presentation of these bodies via the dyad of im/mortality. The immortal body here is one that is multiple and can be accessed/consulted online by others at all times. The mortal body, in contrast, exists in or represents reality offline, referencing a state of becoming and eventual unbecoming. This article explores the tension produced through this opposition between questions of mortality offline and the quest for immortality online. While this article takes this oppositional structure as its point of departure, its ultimate aim is to upset the various dyads it builds on to show that the (bodybuilder's) body always occupies multiple spheres across time and space, ultimately producing a hybridization of the real.

Abstract
Studies of skilled migration tend to be strongly bifurcated in terms of their focus on either low- or highly-skilled migrants, and public debate generally also reflects this. However, since skills, education and income levels are frequently conflated, there are usually considerable differences in terms of how low or highly skilled migrants actually are. In addition, there has been little attention paid to strategies of mobility between various visa categories. This article focuses on what it conceptualizes as the 'mobile middle': skilled migrants who actively negotiate and test the flexibilities of a migration programme in order to be able to work and potentially stay on 'permanently' in a particular country. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among Indian (mid-level) skilled migrants in Singapore, the present study explores how we can (further) conceptualize migration categories, and the ways migrants engage with them with respect to inherent constraints on the one hand and ambitions for the future on the other. With its focus on Singapore, the article also highlights how the mobile middle, as a rapidly growing group of migrants, takes up an increasingly prominent place in discussions about new immigrants and population growth.

For the past ten years I have been involved in research on the topic of Indian student-migrants in Australia. What started in India in 2004 with the ostensibly simple questions why there was such a surge in Indian students' enrolments in Australia, turned into a study which had the question of migration at the heart of its investigation. Realising that the majority of Indian students based their decision for Australia on the relatively easy pathway the country offered towards permanent residency my research focused on understanding how such trajectories from students to migrants took shape. However, as I argued in Imagined Mobility (Anthem Press, 2010), while the propensity to apply for PR may be high, permanently residing in Australia was often not the objective. Instead many Indian students saw a PR as facilitating the start of transnational existence. In this paper I will draw upon a vast collection of newspaper articles as well as ethnographic material collected over this period in order to produce a personalised account of how I, as an academic researcher, observed the discourse about Indian students in Australia 'migrate' from them being welcome international students and would-be migrants to unwelcome profiteers whose place in Australian cities was highly contested. Questions I will focus on are: how did the violent attacks and subsequent debate about their racist nature impact the lives and trajectories of Indian student-migrants as starting transnationals; how did they themselves reflect on these attacks especially in relation to them now being 'permanent residents'; and finally, what role do 'Indian students' continue to play in Australia's skilled migration debate?